Bunions- what are they?
Bunions is the most common foot deformity and can cause discomfort and pain, particularly with prolonged standing or walking.
What Are Bunions?
A bunion is a bony bump that forms at the base of the big toe joint, where the toe meets the foot. This bump occurs when the bone or tissue around the big toe joint moves out of place, causing the big toe to lean towards the second and smaller toes and subsequently the base of the big toe sticks out. Over time, this misalignment can lead to the formation of the visible bump and cause discomfort or pain, especially when wearing certain shoes or during physical activity.
It is thought that this occurs after injury to the small ligaments of the big toe, resulting in joint deviation.
These lumps or bumps can cause both functional and aesthetic concerns, and in some cases, they can lead to other foot problems, including:
- Limited range of motion in the affected toe
- Swelling and redness
- Corns or calluses where the toes rub against shoes
- Difficulty finding comfortable footwear
What contributes to the formation of Bunions?
Bunions develop due to a combination of genetic factors and biomechanical issues with the feet. While they are more common in women, men can also develop them. Common causes include:
Genetic factors
Poor footwear- high and/or pointed shoes
Chronic Achilles Tension
Hypermobility of the foot joints
Flat Feet
Hip and/or Knee Athritis
High BMI
Signs and Symptoms
Pain and tenderness of the Bunion
Skin over the area can become hard and red
Enlargement of the base of the big toe
Pain increases as the size of the bunion increases
How to Alleviate Bunion Discomfort
While surgery may be required in some cases, there are several non-invasive treatments to help alleviate discomfort and manage the symptoms of bunions. Here are some tips for managing bunion discomfort:
1. Osteopathic Treatment
Osteopaths take a holistic approach to treating bunions, focusing on the whole body rather than just the affected area. Treatment may include:
- Manual Therapy: Osteopathic manipulation and mobilisation techniques can help mobilise the bones and improve the function of the foot. This can reduce pain and improve range of motion in the big toe joint. Soft tissue techniques can also be used through the foot and calf to help relieve tension, improve blood flow and help to reduce pain.
- Postural and Gait Assessment: Osteopaths assess your posture and walking patterns to identify any abnormalities in your biomechanics. If needed, they may recommend exercises or orthotics to correct abnormal gait or improper foot alignment.
- Muscle Stretching and Strengthening: Targeted exercises to strengthen the muscles in your feet and legs can improve overall foot function and reduce pressure on the bunion. Stretching can also help relieve tension in tight areas that may be contributing to the problem.
2. Proper Footwear
Investing in shoes that provide proper support and fit can go a long way in alleviating bunion pain. Look for shoes that:
- Have a wide toe box to avoid cramping the toes together
- Offer sufficient arch support
- Have cushioned soles to absorb impact
- Avoid high heels, which place extra pressure on the toes
3. Padding and Orthotics
Over-the-counter bunion pads or cushions can provide extra protection and reduce friction between the bunion and shoes. In some cases, wearing a toe splint at night can help realign the toes and prevent further progression of the bunion.
4. Foot Exercises
Performing specific foot exercises can strengthen the muscles around the big toe joint, reduce pain, and improve overall foot function. Some examples include:
-Toe stretches: Gently pulling the big toe away from the second toe to stretch the joint
- Towel curls: Using your toes to scrunch a towel towards you, strengthening the intrinsic muscles of the foot
- Ball rolling: Rolling a small ball under your foot to massage the muscles and improve circulation
If bunion pain is affecting your ability to walk, stand, or perform daily activities, it’s important to consult with a healthcare professional. In some cases, if conservative treatments do not provide relief, your osteopath or doctor may recommend further interventions, including custom orthotics or even surgery to correct the alignment of the foot.
Bunions are a common but often painful condition that can significantly impact your daily life. Fortunately, with proper footwear, targeted exercises, and care, it’s possible to manage the discomfort and improve foot function. If you're struggling with bunion pain, don’t hesitate to reach out to us for a personalised assessment and treatment plan.
Contact us today on 0405 640 786.